Pollution

We on daily basis keep on hearing the word Pollution on Television Channels and its reason strike in our mind that it is the vehicles whose smoke and factories whose waste are main cause of Air pollution but it is not true because pollution word has such a vast ambit that across the globe human beings knowingly unknowingly are generating pollution whom our environment and earth cannot absorb, thus creating lot of effects on to the living beings. On daily basis rain forests are being cut, Glaciers are melting at speed whom scientists never ever expected, Ozone layer is getting thin which help living beings to avoid from Sun’s Ultra Violet (UV) rays, water level in lot of countries are going deeper and deeper and water level of sea is increasing on every passing day which means that area’s near to sea would be taken by sea water and their existence will be seen and read in history books. Then question rises what is pollution? It’s simple and straight forward answer is that the discharge of a toxic or contaminating substance that is likely to have an adverse effect on the natural environment or life, and to define further Pollution is the introduction into the air, water or ground of toxic substances that are damaging to human health and ecosystems . It is mainly linked with human activity: discharge of domestic, industrial and agricultural waste; application of pesticides by farmers; leaks of radioactive materials; gas emissions into the atmosphere etc. Pollution essentially means the release into the biosphere of substances that are either directly toxic to man or his environment (lead, mercury, crude oil in oil slicks, pesticides, nitrogen oxide which causes acid rain , etc.) or likely to disturb the functioning of a biotope (agricultural nitrates that encourage eutrophication , carbon dioxide or methane that increase the greenhouse effect, etc.).We can categories Pollution into six categories-
1. Air Pollution
2. Water Pollution
3. Land Pollution
4. Noise Pollution
5. Radioactive Pollution
6. Thermal Pollution
Air pollution is indication of disturbances to the composition of compounds in the atmosphere, as it may be summarized as shown:
excess emission of gases/vapors into atmosphere
saturation of chemical compounds/particulates
rate of dissipation < (smaller than) rate of absorption through various cycles (i.e. carbon and nitrogen cycle)
emergence of new chemical reactions of reactive and non-biodegradable compounds.
Below mentioned are air pollution generators -
• motor vehicle exhaust
• heat and power generation facilities
• industrial processes
• auto manufacturing
• fertilizers plants
• building demolition
• solid waste disposal
• solvent evaporation
• volcanic eruption
• fuel production
• roadway construction
• electrical components manufacturing
• extraction of metals
• forest fires
• agriculture
Air Pollution Effects-
• Reduced lung functioning
• Irritation of eyes, nose, mouth and throat
• Asthma attacks
• Respiratory symptoms such as coughing and wheezing
• Increased respiratory disease such as bronchitis
• Reduced energy levels
• Headaches and dizziness
• Disruption of endocrine, reproductive and immune systems
• Neurobehavioral disorders
• Cardiovascular problems
• Cancer
• Premature death
Water pollution is contamination of water by foreign matter that deteriorates the quality of the water. Water pollution covers pollutions in liquid forms like ocean pollution and river pollution. As the term applies, liquid pollution occurs in the oceans, lakes, streams, rivers, underground water and bays, in short liquid-containing areas.
and for water pollution mainly below mentioned can be named as the reason-
• petroleum products
• synthetic agricultural chemicals
• heavy metals
• hazardous wastes
• excess organic matter
• sediment
• infectious organisms
• air pollution
• thermal pollution
• soil pollution
Water Pollution effects
Waterborne diseases caused by polluted drinking water:
• Typhoid
• Amoebiasis
• Giardiasis
• Ascariasis
• Hookworm
Land Pollution
Revered to as soil pollution, land pollution involves the following mechanism:
• Deposition of solid waste
• Accumulation of non-biodegradable materials
• Toxification of chemicals into poisons
• Alteration of soil chemical composition (imbalance of chemical equilibrium to soil medium)
• loss of 6 million hectares of land per year
• loss of 24 billion tons of topsoil per year
• loss of minimum 15 million acres prime agricultural land to overuse and mismanagement
main elements of land pollution creator are-
• agriculture
• mining and quarrying
• sewage sludge
• dredged spoils
• household
• demolitions and constructions
• industrial
Soil Pollution Effects
• Causes cancers including leukaemia
• Lead in soil is especially hazardous for young children causing developmental damage to the brain
• Mercury can increase the risk of kidney damage; cyclodienes can lead to liver toxicity
• Causes neuromuscular blockage as well as depression of the central nervous system
• Also causes headaches, nausea, fatigue, eye irritation and skin rash.
Noise Pollution
Noise levels describe in decibel other noise measurement systems are:
• community noise equivalent level
• composite noise rating
• equivalent energy level
• noise and number index
• noise exposure forecast
• noise criterion
• noise level
• noise pollution level
• noise rating
• perceived noise level
• traffic noise index
• sound level
• sound level meter
• sound pressure level
• world soundscape project
Noise pollution major contributor are-:
• road traffic noise
• air traffic
• rail traffic
• neighborhood and domestic noise
• incompatible land use
• industrial noises
Radio active pollution
Nuclear energy is a form of energy that’s released by the splitting of atoms. Since scientists have found a way to make use of the energy, it has also been used to generate electricity. Despite the advantage of nuclear as a clean energy, the big concern is the waste resulted from nuclear reaction, which is a form of pollution, called radioactivity. Radioactivity is a form of radiation (a form of energy that travels through space). Some elements in this world are naturally radioactive while some others are made to be.
There are commonly three types of radiation, namely:
• Alpha particles, can be blocked by a piece of paper and human skin.
• Beta particles can penetrate through skin, while can be blocked by some pieces of glass and metal.
• Gamma rays can penetrate easily to human skin and damage cells on its way through, reaching far, and can only be blocked by a very thick, strong, massive piece of concrete.
radioactive pollution generate by -
• nuclear power plants
• nuclear weapon
• transportation
• disposal of nuclear waste
• uranium mining
Thermal pollution
This has become an increasing and the most current pollution, owing to the increasing call of globalization everywhere. Heat produced from industries is a major contribution to the pollution, much to the operation of the heavy industries which produces high amount of heat energy. As we will show a summary to the event of this pollution happening:
• Raw materials for productivity (organic and inorganic products)
• Undergo different chemical reactions with several process
• Excess heat energy is produced as a waste product
• Heat is released through into atmosphere (vapor) and riverine system (liquid).
• Increase of temperature of environmental system
in view of the pollution, global temperature had increased significantly
thermal pollution can be classify into following categories:
• power plants creating electricity from fossil fuel
• water as a cooling agent in industrial facilities
• deforestation of the shoreline
• soil erosion
The reduction of pollution connected with human activity such as industry, agriculture and transport is one of the conditions of sustainable development : the use of renewable energies that emit few greenhouse gases , organic farming which bans the use of pesticides, and waste reclamation are some of the solutions used to achieve it.